Concrete sheet piling



Aug. 10, 1937. A. G. RoTlNoFF CONCRETE SHEET FILING 5 Smeets-Shea?.v 1

Filed Nov. 8, 1934 w E ...Hue ma Aug. 10, 1937. A. G. RoTlNoFF `CONCRETE SHEET FILING Filed NOV. 8, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 10, 1937. A. G. ROTINOFFI CONCRETE SHEET FILING Filed Nov. 8, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Aug. 10, 1937 UNiTED STATES PATENT oFFIeE CONCRETE SHEET PILING Application November 8, 1934, Serial No. 752,158 In Great Britain November 11, 1933 10 Claims.

This invention relates to concrete sheet piling and like structures for the formation of watertight walls and collier-dams and for the carrying of superstructures, andhas for its object to pro- 5 vide for the effective connection of adjacent piles to one another without imposing upon the concrete of the piles excessive tension and shearing stresses such aswill arise during the pile driving operation and which may cause fracture thereof. The invention comprises the interlocking or connection together of adjacent piles during and if desired after the pile Vdriving or sinking operation by an intermediate part secured to the two adjacent piles by metal tension members passing 15 throughl the concrete of the said piles at intervals in their length, the said members permitting of longitudinal movement of the intermediate interlocking part relatively to the piles but preventing such movement laterally with relation to the 20 piles.

The invention further comprises the improved methods of and means for interlocking piles as hereinafter described and claimed.

Referringto the accompanying sheet of explana- 25 tory drawingst- Y Figures 1-6 are plan views illustrating nine constructions of sheet pile interlocking means arranged in accordance with this invention. Figure 7 is a detail View `drawn toan enlarged 30 scale of the end of one of the tension members shown in Figures 4 ,and 7.

Figure a is a plan view illustrating the application of the invention to the interconnection ofV substantial"*structures in the form of caissons which resemble piles except in respect of their dimensions. l v

Figures 9 and 10 are an elevation and a perspective View of complete interconnected piles.

In all the figures tension members extend into and through the concrete` at intervals in the vertical length of keach pileor caisson as shown in Figure 9.v

v The tension members project from opposite 45 sidesoi each pile or caisson and the projecting parts. .arev shaped or arranged so that they can take an effective hold upon an intermediate member which is to hold adjacent piles or caissons together while permitting relative longitudinal 50 movement between the piles and intermediate members for the purpose hereinafter more fully specied. 1

In'Figures 1 and 2, the tension members consist of rods or bars a extending completely through 55 the'concrete'of the pile b or b and headed at each end at d to enter recesses in the opposite sides of the intermediate member c or c.

In Figures 3I 4, 5 and 6, the tension bars are in pairs and may be interconnected by a stirrup piece (as shown at e in Figures 4, and .'7) adjacent to their ends to hold the bars at the requisite distance apart. The ends f of the pairs of tension barsa2 are turned inwards so that they can take over the sides of the intermediate members c2, c3. The piles are shown at bz'in Figures 3, 4, and 5, at b3 in Figure 6.

In Figure 8, each tension bar a3 is divided at its ends and the two parts spread apart and their ends f turned inwards to embrace the sides of the intermediate members c2. In this figure, the tension bars of the corner pile or caisson g do not extend completely through the caisson but terminate therein with a cross or anchor piece (L13 at the end. The remaining piles are in this figure indicated by the reference b5.

In all the constructions, each intermediate member extends the whole length of the piles as shown in Figure 10 or any desired portion of such length and serves to bind adjacent piles together so that they cannot separate but it does not prevent free'relative longitudinal movements of the piles at its opposite sides.

` In driving piles, each pile as it is driven into place has its tension members engaging successivelyvthe intermediate or interlocking member of the pile already driven and it carries down with it the intermediate member at its opposite side. If desired the driving blows may be applied to the intermediate member through a part which may permit a limited amount of relative longitudinal movement between pile and intermediate member. Thus in Figure 10, as the end pile k was driven, its tension members would successively engage in the recess in the intermediate member c2 which had `been driven into the ground with the pile m, and the intermediate member c12 would be driven along with k so as to be ready for engagement bythe tension members of the next pile. In some cases, the intermediate member of the pile which has already been driven, may be locked against endwise movement to its pile to prevent longitudinal displacement when the next pile is being driven. Thev tension rods are subjected chiey to tensile stresses, the shearing or twisting stresses being insuiiicient to cause fracture of the concrete. Y

'Ihe intermediate or interlocking members in all the constructions may be left permanently in position, or they may be withdrawn after the several piles have been nally driven into place and the space between adjacent piles lled in with concrete which keys itself into and around the ends of the tension members as shown in the lower portion of Figures 1-4,

, The preferred way of con'creting the. spaces where the intermediate or interlocking members are located will be understood by reference more particularly to Figures 2 and 4. In these it will be seen that the intermediate or interlocking members c or c3 have a central hole n or n formed longitudinally therethrough from'end to end. As each member c' or c3v is withdrawn, grout is fed down, if desired under pressure, the central hole n or n so that it lls the space beneath and around the lower end of the member. Thus the space between adjacent pilesfis gradually lled with concrete which' constitutesV an effective bond and key to hold thepiles together in a secure and uid-tight manner. VIl?- desired a j oist such as forms the interlocking member c2 in Figure 3 may lbe lowered .down into thegrout or concrete in the space between the pilesfso as totake the place of the-withdrawn special form of intermediate member with the central'hole n" or n', such as shown inFigures 2, 4 and 5.

The bottom of each intermediate or'interlocking member may consist of a detachable shoe as shown at o in Figure 10 which remains in position as the intermediate member is raised and concreting proceeds through the central hole n.

In some cases it may be desirable to flush, Wash or blow out the spaces around the intermediate members in order to remove any slime, silt or other material or soil which might interfere with eiiicient concreting. For this purpose the sides of' the l.pile may as shown in Figure 5 be *pro-y vided withrecessesv or channels p in their ends adjacent to'the intermediate members. concreting commences and if desired during driving,fpipes conveying water or air under pressure are passed down the channels p to jet the walls of the pile and of the intermediate'member clean of silt, slime or the like. While jetting proceeds, grout may be fed or forced under pressure .down the vcentral hole n or n. and the intermediate member lifted so that the grout will not only completely ll the space below the bottom Vof the intermediate member and between the piles but will flow up the channels p; until it appears at theftopfof the pile which will be an indicationv that the, passages are clear and that concreting will proceed satisfactorily as the intermediate or interlocking member continues to be raised. The recesses or channels p maybe provided in any desired parts of the end faces of the piles. If desired; grouting may be effected down the channels p after jetting. Y

The inventionis' not limited to any particular shape or coniiguration of pile or caisson. The several figures show various shapesY suitable for diiTerent services and positions. 'v For corner positions, a pile of cruciform shape may be used with two sets of tension members at right angles to one another extending therethrough. Or the pile `may be of plain shape with two sets of ten-Y invention relates. be driven downwards, but may be sunk by clear- Beforevv ample, be of the shapes shown in Figures l and 2) which grip the intermediate or interlocking members may be secured to each pile at its opposite sides by bolt like members passing freely through transverse holes through the piles.

The present invention obviates the` known defects of the interlocking means usually employed yorfwhich have been proposed for sheet piling and prevents damage to the concrete by the interlocking means during driving.

Where desired, instead of grouting with cement or concrete, we may use clay, bitumen or other material to suit any particular requirements. Y

In the appended claims the term pile is used to include bearing or king piles, anchor piles, sheet pilesand caissons, to all of which this The piles need not necessarily ing a way in advance of their lower ends.

` Having now described the invention, `what is claimed as. new and desired to secure by Letters Patent isz- 1. An interlocking reinforced concrete pile, a

plurality of headed metallic tension members extending into the concrete of the pile and having heads projecting in spaced vertical alignment along at least one face ofthe said pile and adapted'for sliding engagement with an interlocking member, and a metallic interlocking member adapted for sliding engagement with the said heads, a hole extending through the said inter? locking member from end to end thereof.

2S AnV interlocking reinforced concrete pile, at least one groove formed in a face of said pile parallel to the axis of the pile, a series of headed metallic tension members extending into the con-` crete of the pile and havingtheir heads projecting at intervals in vertical alignment into the said ygroove and adapted for sliding engagementv with'anV interlocking member within the said groove-and a'metallic interlocking member adapted to enter thegroove. specied and to make slidingl engagement with the specified' heads of tension members within the said groove, a hole extending` throughl the said interlocking member from endfto end thereof. f

3. An interlocking reinforced concrete pile, a plurality of vertically spaced metallic tension members extending through the said pile and having heads projecting at opposite sides thereof, the said heads at Veach side of the pile all lyingin a vertical line with one another and being adapted for sliding engagement with an interlocking member. y

4. An interlocking reinforced concrete pile, a plurality of vertically spaced straight metallic tension members free from projections within the pile extending through the concrete of the pile from side to side thereof and having shaped heads projecting from the concrete at the opposite sides thereof,v the said heads at each side of the pile all lying in a vertical line with one another andV being adapted for sliding engagement with an interlocking member but not with heads identical with those projecting at the other side of the pile.

5. A pile as claimed in claim 3 in which the sides of the piles from which the heads of the tension members project are formed with vertical grooves within which the said heads lie.

6. A pile as claimed in claim 3 in which the sides of the piles fromwhich the heads of the tension members project have vertical grooves Within which the said heads lie, the said heads Lio comprising end portions of the tension members extending at an angle from the main length of the tension members.

'7. An interlocking reinforced concrete pile as claimed in claim 3 wherein the said tension members are arranged in pairs and connected together by horizontal strengthening and connecting pieces also embedded in the concrete.

8. A pile as claimed in claim 3 in which the sides of the piles from which the heads of the tension members project have vertical grooves v within which the said heads lie, the end portions of said tension members each comprising two separate portions of the tension members extending apart from one another and then inwards towards each other at their extremities, the said extremities projecting through the walls of the grooves in the manner specified.

9. Interlocking reinforced concrete sheet piling comprising a plurality of piles as claimed in claim 3 together with a plurality of metallic interlocking members disposed each between adjacent faces of two adjacent piles and slidably engaging the heads of the tension members projecting from both the said adjacent faces and thereby interlocking the said piles together.

10. Interlocking reinforced concrete sheet piling comprising a plurality of vertically spaced metallic tension members extending through the said pile and having heads projecting at opposite sides thereof, the said heads at each side of the pile all being in a vertical line with one another and being adapted for sliding engagement with an interlocking member, but not with heads identical with those projecting at the other side of the piles, and with a plurality of metallic interlocking members disposed each between adjacent faces of two adjacent piles and slidably engaging the heads of the tension members projecting from both the said adjacent faces and thereby interlocking the said piles together.

ANNE MICHAEL ROTINOFF, GEORGE ALEXANDER ROTINOFF, Administrators of the Estate of Alexander George Retinal?, Deceased. 

